The senior clergy were all drawn from the noble families of the city and were very successful at increasing the power and the wealth of the Church and of themselves at the same time. The incident must have occurred between 10, as Ariberto was Archbishop from 1018-1045 and the Bishop of Asti who led the expeditions against the castle was in office from 1018-1034.Īt this time Milano, respected as an early centre of Christianity, was a city of wealth and independence, commanding both north-south and east-west trade routes through Lombardy. In this version, Ariberto took the heretics as prisoners to Milano, where many of them were burned, not by the Archbishop, but by the leading citizens. Raoul Glaber seems to have known nothing about their religious practices, because he said they worshipped idols like pagans, and performed disgusting sacrifices with Jews! He ended with stories of demons and devils.Īccording to an Italian chronicler called Landolfo Seniore, who was working in Milano, the Archbishop of Milano, Ariberto, heard about the heresy on a visit to the Bishop of Torino, and had a long interview with one of the Monforte heretics named Girardus.
They tried to convert the heretics, but had to burn the most recalcitrant at the stake, because the heretics would rather be martyred than give up their way of worshipping God. According to the chronicler, Raoul Glaber, it occurred at Monforte in the diocese of Asti, and was discovered by the ruler of Torino and his brother, the bishop of Asti. This piece looks briefly at a second case of possibly illuminist heresy in the 11th century. You also have the right to object, without giving any reason, to the processing of your data for commercial prospecting purposes, including profiling when this is linked to such prospecting.įinally, you have the right to lodge a complaint with the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL), in particular on its website "įor more information, please consult our privacy policy. You also have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, which you can exercise in the same way as described in the previous paragraph. You have, if applicable at the time of your request, the right to access, rectify, modify and delete, in the event of inaccuracy, the data concerning you, the right to limitation, portability and opposition for legitimate reasons as well as the right to define directives concerning the fate of your data in the event of your death, which you can exercise by sending an e-mail to the following addresses:įor North America and South America: įor any other continent or country not listed above, please contact As some of these countries do not always offer an adequate level of protection, the transfer(s) have been regulated by means of standard contractual clauses recognised by the European Commission. They will be kept for the time required to enable us to provide you with our services and to ensure the after-sales service of the products purchased, generally for a period that may vary from 3 to 5 years depending on their nature.įor the purposes of processing, analysis or performing the subcontracting tasks listed above, your data may be transferred to our subsidiaries and subcontractors located in the United States, Canada, Japan, China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Australia. Please note that your data may therefore be communicated to some of our providers in charge of processing it or likely to use it, such as those in charge of customer management, sending our emails and running our advertising campaigns.
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